Drug Treatment
Drugs don't cure autism, but many autistic suffer from multiple problems such as
depression or seizures, and the drugs can help with those secondary problems.
The drugs most commonly prescribed are:
Anti psychotics (Mellaril, Haldol, Thorazine) - used to treat severe aggression,
self-injurous behavior, agitation or insomnia.
Anticonvulsants (Tegretol, Depakote, Dilantin) - used to control seizures.
Anti depression (Lithium, Depakote) - used for bipolar manic depression.
Anti anxiety (Valium, Librium)
Benzodiazepinesalprazolam (Xanax)
chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
clonazepam (Klonopin)
diazepam (Valium, Valrelease, Zetran)
flurazepam (Dalmane)
lorazepam (Ativan, Alzapam)
oxazepam (Serax)
triazolam (Halcion)
Tricyclic Antidepressants -amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep, Enden, Tryptizol)
amoxapine (Asendin)
buproprione (Wellbutrin)
carbamazepine (Epitol, Tegretol)
clomipramine (Anafranil)
desipramine (Norpramine, Pertofrane)
doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan)
imipramine (Tofranil, Janimine)
nortriptyline (Pamelor, Ventyl, Aventyl)
trimipramine (Surmontil)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) used for regular depression or compulsive behaviors.
- fluoxetine (Prozac)
- fluvoxamine (Luvox)
- nefazodone (Serzone)
- paroxetine (Paxil)
- sertraline (Zoloft)
venlafaxine (Effexor)
(MAOI) Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors - Used to treat depression and panic. In most cases, MAOI's should not be the first treatment choice. Rather, these drugs are prescribed for people whose symptoms have failed to respond to other common antidepression drugs. Although just as effective as heterocyclic drugs, they poses a potential problem because of the possible toxic food-drug interactions. If you are taking one of these, follow the dietary guidelines strictly.
- moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix)
- phenelzine (Nardil)
tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Beta Blockers (Nadolol, Buspirone)-used to decrease aggression or hyperactivity.
Opiate Blockers (Naltrexone/Trexan) - control self injurious behaviors.
Sedatives (Chloral Hydrate, Noctec, and Benadryl) - for difficulty sleeping
Stimulants (Ritalin, Dexedrine)-for hyperactivity and attention or concentration problems. Some of them have side effects.
Anti yeast therapy
There are some evidence that candida albicansmay cause or exacerbate behavior and health problems in autistic individuals. The only physical symptoms are vaginal yeast infections and thrush (white patches in mouth).
An overgrowth of candida albicans causes toxins to be released into the body which are known to impair the central nervous system and the immune system. Some of the
behaviors related to this are, confusion, hyperactivity, short attention span, lethargy, irritability, and aggression. Reported health problems can include headaches, intestinal
problems,(constipation, diarrhea, flatulence), distended stomach, excessive genital touching in infants and young children, cravings for carbohydrates, fruits and sweets. Unpleasant odor of hair and feet, acetone smell from mouth, and skin rashes.
Candida overgrowth is often attributed to long term antibiotic treatments. It has been reported that some children whose autistic tendencies surfaced at 18- 24 months had been continuously treated with antibiotics to control chronic ear infections.
The treatment doesn't cure autism, but is helpful for some autistic children.
CONTACTS:
American Academy of Environmental Medicine, PO Box 16106, Denver CO 80216
Great Smokies Diagnostic Laboratory, Martin Lee & Stephen Barrie, Associates, 18a Regent Park Boulevard, Asheville, NC 28806 +(704) 253-0621
Can provide kit for stool analysis used for determining yeast overgrowth.
Allergy induced Autism and Casein/Gluten
In allergy induced Autism, the symptoms usually become apparent during the first three years of life. Some children have autism that appears to have been triggered by intolerance
to many foods and/or chemicals, the main offenders being wheat, cow's milk, corn, sugar and citrus fruits, although each child may be affected by different substances. The children also have many almost unnoticeable physical problems, namely excessive thirst, excessive sweating, especially at night, low blood sugar, diarrhea, bloating, rhinitis, inability to control temperature, red face and/or ears and dark circles under the eyes.
It has been reported that a high percentage of autistic children had a "mutant" protein in their urine that was created by eating gluten (found in wheat, oats, barley and rye grains)
and/or casein (milk protein) containing food. The mutant protein was the gluten and casein protein bound to a morphine like substance.
It's believed that this was what was causing the kids to become spacey and addicted to
these foods. It won't cure autism, but may help with some secondary problems.
Auditory Training
Auditory training can be considered a form of sensory
integration in which stimulation
We do not know what percentage of autistic children
may be helped by auditory training,
Music Therapy
Includes singing, movement to music, and
playing instruments. Supposed to be a
Doman/ Delacato Method
Carl Delacatto wrote a book called "The Ultimate
Stranger". He had a few interesting
Delacto Method are
brain stimulation activities for brain injured children developed
by
The delacato team evaluate a child and tailor a
program to suit his/her needs. Programs
Osteopathy/Craniosacral Therapy
Doctors who manipulate the bones of the cranium. We do
not recommend this
Holding Therapy
Holding therapy gained wide-spread attention when
Dr Martha Welch, a child psychiatrist
During holding therapy the parent attempts to make
contact with the child in various ways.
Many people feel this is a variant of SIT (sensory
integration therapy), which helps the child
Sensory Integration Therapy
A person is trained to deal with sensory sensitivities. The goal
is to reduce that anxiety
The Squeeze Machine
Developed by Temple Grandin. Supposed to reduce hyperactivity
and tactile
Lovaas Method
Lovaas therapy refers to the treatment model developed by Ivar Lovaas, Ph.D., at
The Son-Rise Program taught at the Option
Institute and Fellowship
Barry Neil and Samahria Kaufman "cured" their autistic
son, Raun, and then proceeded
Picture Exchange Communication System
(PECS)
The Picture Exchange Communication System
(PECS) was developed as augmentative/
The PECS Training Manual, is written by Lori Frost,
MS, CCC/SLP and Dr. Andrew
Higashi (Daily Life Therapy)
Daily Life Therapy, pioneered by Dr
Kiyo Kitahara at the Higashi School in Japan,
A method is developed in Japan and
imported into the USA. It includes elements
We do not know what percentage of autistic children may be helped by We do not recommend this program for higher functioning
children who can be taught to
Speech-Language Therapy
It is recognised that autistic children have difficulties
with language, but it is clear
A speech pathologist who specializes in the diagnosis
and treatment of language problems
Occupational Therapy
Commonly focuses on improving fine motor skills,
or sensory motor skills that include
After the therapist identifies a specific problem,
therapy may include sensory integration
Vitamin/Mineral Therapy
Dimethylglycine (DMG), is a food substance and is most often used Vitamin/Mineral Therapy.
DMG is found, in small amounts, in brown rice and liver. Its chemical make-up resembles
that of water soluble vitamins, specifically vitamin B15. DMG does not require a prescription, and it can be purchased at many health food stores. There are no apparent side effects.
Use 1/2 of a 125 mg tablet at breakfast for a few days. May be necessary to go up to one to four tablets a day if the results are positive.
Reports from parents giving their child DMG indicate improvements in the areas of speech, eye contact, social behavior, and attention span.
Two weeks after starting on the DMG, B6 and magnesium can be added. Studies have shown that vitamin B6 may help control hyperactivity, and improve overall behavior.
Although improvements vary considerably among individuals, other possible improvements are: speech improvements, improved sleeping patterns, lessened irritability, increased attention span, decrease in self stimulation, and overall improvement in general health.
We do not know what percentage of autistic children may be helped by Vitamin/Mineral Therapy , if any at all, nor how much they may be helped.
Flexyx Therapy (photo stimulation)
Dr. Ochs started Flexyx treatment (photo stimulation therapy). Several other therapists have been conducting more formalized research using brain wave stimulation systems in various stages of development.
Some patients and their families have been pleased with the results of this treatment, however, we do not have clinical trials about using EDS with the autistic population, and, thus far, is lacking sufficient clinical trials to met FDA approval, or to validated the effectiveness of the treatment.
may sensitize or desensitize one or more senses.
Theoretically speaking, if one or more
senses are impaired in an individual, he or she
may develop a distorted perception of the
environment. There has been much research in the
past 15 years to indicate that many
autistic individuals have sensory dysfunction
in one or more areas.
There are two main types of auditory training
methods, the Berard approach, lasting 10
to 12 days, and the Tomatis approach, lasting
6 to 12 months.The Berard training is
accomplished by a device which randomly selects
high and low frequencies from a music
source and then sends those sounds via headphones
to the trainee. Filtering peaks are
optional for the developmentally disabled population.
The music is, in all cases, modulated
throughout the 10 hours of listening, whether
or not peaks are filtered.
if any at all, nor how much they may be helped.
The treatment is safe, but expensive.
good medium for kids with developmental
disabilities because it requires no verbal
interaction, music is by nature structured,
facilitates play, can aid in socialization
and influence behavior.
points about "sensoryisms", a terrifying sensations
or distortions to senses. The distortions
can be hypersensitivity (too much stimulas entering
the nervous system), hyposensitivity
(too little stimulus entering the nervous system)
or white noise (internal static that disrupts
input from external stimuli).
Glenn Doman and Carl Delacatto. It involves cross
patterning, patterning and sensory
exercises developed to enhance memory and processing.
are working on senses in order to normalize them
and are devised for parents to carry
out at home.They include massage for tactility,
auditory and visual work, and tasks for
smell and taste, mobility and development. All
tasks are fitted into 2 to 5 minute slots so
that the child does not become bored, and are
repeated as necessary.
We do not know what percentage of autistic children may be
helped by Delacto Method, if any at all, nor how much they may be helped.
treatment!
from New York, began using it as a means of working
with children with autism. Her work
is written in the book, Holding Time.
This may mean simply comforting a distressed child,
but often the parent may hold the child
for periods of time, even if the child is fighting
against the embrace. The child sits or lies
face to face with the parent, who tries to establish
eye contact, as well as to share feelings
verbally throughout the holding session.
The parent remains calm and in control and offers
comfort when the child stops resisting.
adjust to and overcome sensory overload,
and are holding therapy's advocates. Some high
functioning autistic people have protested that
this treatment is too traumatic.
through repeated exposure.
defensiveness. Gives the autistic control over the amount
of pressure exerted.
the UCLA Clinic for the Behavioral Treatment of Children, and is mostly behavior modification program. Dr. Lovaas has worked with autistic children for over 30 years, and studies show it helped some kids, but requires one-on-one with a trainer for 40 hours a week.
We do not know what percentage of autistic children may be helped by Lovaas therapy, if any at all, nor how much they may be helped.
to write a book about it "Son-Rise: The Miracle
Continues". They also founded the Option
Institute and Fellowship in Sheffield, MA. The
Institute offers training for families wishing
to create home based Son-Rise Programs for their
children.
At present, no formal studies or evaluations
have validated the effectiveness of the
Son-Rise Program as a treatment for children
with autism (we do not know if Raun
was ever formally diagnosed as autistic),
and we do not recommend the program.
alternative training package that allows nonverbal
children and adults with autism and other
communication deficits to initiate communication.
It was created with educators, residential
care providers and families in mind, and so it
is readily used in a variety of settings. Verba
prompts are not used, thus building immediate initiation
and avoiding prompt dependency.
The system goes on to teach discrimination of symbols
and then puts them all together in
simple "sentences." Children are also taught
to comment and answer direct questions.
Bondy. The manual provides all of the necessary
information to implement PECS
effectively. It guides readers through the six
phases of training and provides examples,
helpful hints, and templates for data and progress
reporting.
provides an education and emphasizes
vigorous physical education and the arts.
The school is open to students 3-22,
who are Autistic, Autistic like, or Pervasive
Developmental Disorder, and do not
serve Multi-Handicapped (physically disabled),
Severe/Profound Mental Retardation,
Emotionally Disturbed, Character Disorder, or
Uncontrolled Seizure Disorder.
normally found in the education of
autistic children, but places unusual attention to
physical exercise.
Upon entering high school, all students
participate in community work and ultimately
employment. Areas of employment opportunities
include clerical, custodial, stocking,
food service and landscaping. All
vocational students are paid employees.
Daily Life Therapy , if any at all, nor how much they may be helped.
Communication Handicapped CHildren
TEACCH is not a teaching or learning system, but
a behavioral management system,
which, when properly implemented delivers more
predictable behavior and greater
cooperation from the TEACCH subject, an Autistic
child. In general I believe TEACCH
is a productive program for low functioning autistic
children, helping the child learn self
care skills and preparing the child and the family
for some degree of lifelong institutional
involvement. TEACCH uses structure and modified
environment to teach skills, using
children affinity for routines and rituals to teach
and reinforce, classrooms so structured
and routinized that children are happy, but cannot
truly learn to adapt to transitions and
changes.
eventually lead a relatively normal life. While
I believe that Autism/PDD are biological in
nature, environmental factors play a major role
in the child ability to compensate for the
disorder and to better, more normal functioning.
For more information about TEACCH
go toTEACH
that traditional approaches emphasising mastery
of the formal properties of language
are largely inappropriate: training children to
speak is not going to bring about a
transformation of their behaviour. The autistic
child needs to learn not so much how
to speak as how to use language socially to communicate.
That includes knowing how to hold a conversation,
thinking about what the other
person in a conversation understands and believes,
and tuning in to the meta-linguistic
signals of the other person, such as facial expression,
tone of voice and body language.
It is important to remember that communication
is as much nonverbal as it is verbal,
and autistic people have great difficulty understanding
nonverbal language.
and speech disorders can help a person learn how
to more effectively communicate.
Speech therapists working with a nonverbal autistic
individuals, may consider alternatives
to the spoken word such as signing, typing, or
a picture board with words.
balance (vestibular system), awareness of body
position (proprioceptive system), and
touch (tactile system).
activities such as: massage, firm touch, swinging,
and bouncing.